Have you ever clapped your hands to get someone’s attention? The resulting “crack!” sound is hard to ignore, rising above and making its way through any background noise.
Now imagine trying to do it underwater – you would be unlikely to achieve quite the same impact.
Amazingly, new video released in the journal Marine Mammal Science shows breeding grey seals doing just that: they clap at each other to warn off competitors and attract mates.
WHY IS THIS UNUSUAL?
Like their land-living relatives, marine mammals mainly communicate vocally* — think of dolphin whistles or the famous song of humpback whales. Grey seals do too, and can be surprisingly versatile*.
Besides the bizarre “rup” and “rupe” calls these seals normally make in the wild, some captive animals have even been trained to perform the Star Wars theme tune!
But vocals are only half the story. Many marine mammals also produce percussive* sounds, such as by slapping the water with their flippers or tails. Normally this happens at the surface, and only involves one flipper at a time.
What makes grey seals different is that – like humans – they literally clap their forelimbs together, and they do it entirely underwater.
THE BEHAVIOUR THAT TOOK 17 YEARS TO FILM
Recording the claps was far from easy, and took 17 years of scuba diving by “seal diver” and marine biologist Ben Burville.
Ben was no stranger to the clapping sound itself. For years, he had heard it when diving with grey seals during their breeding season. Similar noises had also been detected by researchers using underwater microphones, but had been mistaken for a vocal signal.
It wasn’t until he actually saw a big male clapping together its paw-like flippers that Ben finally identified the true source of the sound. Yet the claps were quick and difficult to film; by the time he pointed his camera, things had usually moved on.
Years passed until finally, in October 2017, Ben caught the behaviour on film while diving near the Farne Islands, UK. A male grey seal performed seven claps right in front of him while his camera was rolling.
WHY DO GREY SEALS CLAP?
At first, the discovery might not seem that surprising. After all, seals are famous for performing this behaviour in zoos and aquaria*. However, there is an important difference: whereas captive animals (usually fur seals or sea lions) have been trained to clap for our entertainment, grey seals do so in the wild.
So why do they do it?
Imagine being in a noisy room, with everyone around you chatting away. Getting attention can be difficult unless you make a statement. That’s exactly what a clap is: a sharp, loud noise that rises above the background chatter.
Usually, it’s males that do the clapping – sometimes by themselves, and sometimes at each other. Depending on the context, the claps may help ward off competitors and/or attract potential mates.
Similar functions underlie* display behaviour in many other species. Think of a chest-beating male gorilla, for example. Like seal claps, those chest beats carry two messages: “I am strong, stay away”, and “I am strong, my genes are good.”
DO OTHER MARINE ANIMALS CLAP?
No, or at least not as far as we know.
Clapping seems to be a genuinely novel* behaviour that evolved in seals only once. Perhaps larger species such as sea lions are prevented from doing it by increased water resistance.
Of course, it is also possible that some other species also clap, but haven’t done so in front of a camera.
Even if clapping were unique to grey seals, it seems the sharp signal it generates is important for many marine mammals. Several dolphins, whales and seals produce similar sounds via tail or flipper slaps, or even gunshot-like vocalisations. The oceans are a noisy place, after all, and it can be important to stand out in a crowd.
WHAT SHOULD WE LEARN FROM THIS?
Clapping seals show us just how much we still don’t know about the remarkable mammals in our oceans. Clapping seems to be an important social behaviour, so anything that disturbs it may impact breeding success and survival.
Human noise pollution is known to interfere with other forms of marine mammal communication, including whale song. Loud industrial noises could disturb grey seals (and other species that rely on acoustic signals) in similar ways.
But if we do not know a behaviour exists, we cannot easily act to protect it.
Understanding the animals around us better can, therefore, help us to protect them and their way of life.
This article was previously published on Monash University’s Lens and is republished here with permission.
GLOSSARY
- vocally: with your voice
- versatile: able to adapt to change
- percussive: short and loud sounds like those made by hitting a drum
- aquaria: aquariums; both plural of aquarium
- underlie: be the cause of something
- novel: new or different
EXTRA READING
Humpback whale spits out very lucky sea lion
Counting penguins and trying not to get blown away
Diver trapped in whale’s mouth … and lives
Underwater photographer of the year
QUICK QUIZ
- How did Ben Burville film the seals? How long did he try for?
- What is one other way marine mammals make a noise? Give two examples.
- What do grey seals use to make the clapping sound?
- Do other marine mammals map? Do we know if that’s accurate?
- What is the point of learning about seals clapping?
LISTEN TO THIS STORY
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Ask Ben Burville
Write down five questions you would like to ask Ben about his job and his study of seals. Then, write the answers that you think that he would give you. Use information in today’s story to help you.
Time: allow 40 minutes to complete this activity
Curriculum Links: English, Science
2. Extension
Imagine that you are a seal scientist: that is, a seal who is a scientist! You have been studying human clapping. Write a report about human clapping from a seal’s point of view. Include how humans clap, why you think they might clap, and what you had to do to find out this information.
Time: allow at least 15 minutes to complete this activity.
Curriculum Links: English, Science
VCOP ACTIVITY
Verb adventures
With a partner see if you can identify all the doing words/verbs in this text. Highlight them in yellow and then make a list of them all down your page. Now see if you and your partner can come up with a synonym for the chosen verb. Make sure it still makes sense in the context it was taken from.
Try to replace some of the original verbs with your synonyms and discuss if any are better and why.
HAVE YOUR SAY: What is your favourite marine mammal? Would you swim with seals?
No one-word answers. Use full sentences to explain your thinking. No comments will be published until approved by editors.
